{"id":110,"date":"2025-08-13T22:19:04","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T14:19:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110"},"modified":"2025-08-13T22:21:16","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T14:21:16","slug":"linux%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e3%80%81%e7%bb%84%e5%92%8c%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u7528\u6237\u3001\u7ec4\u548c\u6743\u9650"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_75 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110\/#%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5\" >\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110\/#Linux_%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E4%B8%89%E7%A7%8D%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2\" >Linux \u7528\u6237\u4e09\u79cd\u89d2\u8272<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110\/#passwd%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E8%AF%A6%E7%BB%86%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E\" >passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u8d26\u53f7\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110\/#shadow%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E\" >shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u8bf4\u660e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110\/#chage%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\" >chage\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110\/#%E9%99%84%E5%8A%A0\" >\u9644\u52a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110\/#useradd%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7\" >useradd\u2014\u2014\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110\/#%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81\" >\u66f4\u6539\u5bc6\u7801<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110\/#usermod%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7\" >usermod\u2014\u2014\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110\/#userdel%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7\" >userdel\u2014\u2014\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110\/#%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6\" >\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110\/#%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8\" >\u8d26\u53f7\u521d\u59cb\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110\/#%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6-2\" >\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110\/#%E7%BB%84%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86\" >\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5\"><\/span>\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Linux_%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E4%B8%89%E7%A7%8D%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2\"><\/span><em>Linux \u7528\u6237\u4e09\u79cd\u89d2\u8272 <\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff1a root \u62e5\u6709\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u9650 ID=0 <\/em><br><br><em>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237 UID:1-999(centos7 \u7248\u672c) 1-499(centos6 \u7248\u672c) <\/em><br><br><em>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7528\u6237\uff1a\u4f2a\u7528\u6237 \u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528\u6765\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u7ef4\u6301\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c.\u5982\uff1aftp\uff0capache<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UID:\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6807\u793a,\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u53f7\u7801.<br>GID \u7ec4ID\uff1a<br>               1-499\uff08CentOS6\uff09, 1-999\uff08CENTOS7\uff09 \u666e\u901a\u7ec4\uff1a500+\uff08CentOS6\uff09, 1000+\uff08CENTOS7\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7ec4\u8d26\u53f7\uff1a<br>   <br>       \u57fa\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u8054\u7cfb\uff08\u5982\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee FTP \u670d\u52a1\uff09\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u96c6\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5373\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528 \u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u7ec4\u5185\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ec4\u8d26\u53f7\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u81f3\u5c11\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\uff08\u6216\u79c1\u6709\u7ec4\uff09\uff1b \u82e5\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff08\u6216\u516c\u5171\u7ec4\uff09\u3002<br>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u6237 zhangsan \u662f\u6280\u672f\u90e8\u7684\u5458\u5de5\uff0c\u4e0e\u90e8\u95e8\u5185\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u4e8b\u540c\u5c5e \u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4 tech\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u56e0\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b89\u6392\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5c06 zhangsan \u52a0\u5165\u90ae\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7ec4 mailadm\uff0c\u5219\u6b64 \u65f6\u7528\u6237 zhangsan \u540c\u65f6\u5c5e\u4e8e tech\u3001mailadm \u7ec4\uff0ctech \u7ec4\u662f\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u800c mailadm \u7ec4\u662f \u5176\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u8d26\u53f7\u3002 \u5bf9\u7ec4\u8d26\u53f7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6743\u9650\u5c06\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec4\u5185\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"passwd%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E8%AF%A6%E7%BB%86%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E\"><\/span>passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u8d26\u53f7\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684 <strong><code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/strong> \u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u201cpasswd\u201d\uff08\u5bc6\u7801\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3 Linux \u4e2d<strong>\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u7528\u6237\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong>\uff08\u5bc6\u7801\u4e00\u822c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 <code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code> \u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8d26\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n\u7528\u6237\u540d:\u5bc6\u7801\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26:UID:GID:\u6ce8\u91ca:\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55:\u767b\u5f55Shell\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a<code>root:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/strong>\uff08login name\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u540d\uff0c\u5982 <code>root<\/code>\u3001<code>mooloco<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5bc6\u7801\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26<\/strong>\uff08password\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a <code>x<\/code>\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u653e\u5728 <code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code> \u4e2d\uff1b\u65e9\u671f\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u653e\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>UID<\/strong>\uff08User ID\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7528\u6237 ID\uff0c<code>0<\/code> \u4ee3\u8868 root\uff1b\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e00\u822c\u4ece <code>1000<\/code> \u5f00\u59cb\uff08CentOS \u662f <code>500<\/code> \u8d77\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>GID<\/strong>\uff08Group ID\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u4e3b\u7ec4\u7684 ID\uff0c\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u5728 <code>\/etc\/group<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6ce8\u91ca<\/strong>\uff08GECOS\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u6237\u5168\u540d\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>\uff08home directory\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>\/root<\/code>\u3001<code>\/home\/mooloco<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u767b\u5f55 Shell<\/strong>\uff08login shell\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u7684 shell \u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>\/bin\/bash<\/code>\u3001<code>\/sbin\/nologin<\/code>\uff08\u7981\u6b62\u767b\u5f55\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"shadow%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E\"><\/span>shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u8bf4\u660e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e<strong>\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u7801\u53ca\u5176\u6709\u6548\u671f\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong>\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e <code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code> \u642d\u914d\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code> \u516c\u5f00\u4fdd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c <code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code> \u5b58\u653e\u654f\u611f\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u6709 root \u7528\u6237\u53ef\u8bfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n\u7528\u6237\u540d:\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u7801:\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65e5\u671f:\u6700\u5c0f\u5929\u6570:\u6700\u5927\u5929\u6570:\u8b66\u544a\u5929\u6570:\u7981\u7528\u5929\u6570:\u8fc7\u671f\u65e5\u671f:\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\u6bb5\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/strong>\uff08login name\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e0e <code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong>\uff08encrypted password\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5b58\u50a8\u7ecf\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982 SHA-512\uff09\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u8f83\u957f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7279\u6b8a\u503c\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>!<\/code> \u6216 <code>*<\/code>\uff1a\u8d26\u53f7\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7a7a\u503c\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u65e0\u5bc6\u7801\u767b\u5f55\uff08\u6781\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65e5\u671f<\/strong>\uff08last changed date\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8ddd 1970-01-01 \u7684\u5929\u6570\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6700\u5c0f\u5929\u6570<\/strong>\uff08minimum days\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e24\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u95f4\u9694\u5929\u6570\uff0c0 \u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6700\u5927\u5929\u6570<\/strong>\uff08maximum days\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5bc6\u7801\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5929\u6570\uff0c\u5230\u671f\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8b66\u544a\u5929\u6570<\/strong>\uff08warning days\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u5230\u671f\u524d\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u5f00\u59cb\u63d0\u9192\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7981\u7528\u5929\u6570<\/strong>\uff08inactive days\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u540e\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u8d26\u53f7\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\uff0c-1 \u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u542f\u7528\u6b64\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8fc7\u671f\u65e5\u671f<\/strong>\uff08expire date\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8ddd 1970-01-01 \u7684\u5929\u6570\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8d26\u53f7\u5931\u6548\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u5230\u671f\u540e\u8be5\u8d26\u53f7\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff08reserved\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6682\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4ee5\u5907\u5c06\u6765\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"chage%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><\/span>chage\u547d\u4ee4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a<code> chage [\u9009\u9879] \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u9009\u9879<\/th><th>\u4f5c\u7528<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>-l<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u6709\u6548\u671f\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u53ea\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-m<\/code> \u6700\u5c0f\u5929\u6570<\/td><td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e24\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5929\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-M<\/code> \u6700\u5927\u5929\u6570<\/td><td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4f7f\u7528\u5929\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-d<\/code> \u6700\u8fd1\u5bc6\u7801\u4fee\u6539\u65e5\u671f<\/td><td>\u8bbe\u7f6e<br>\u4e0a\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-W<\/code> \u8b66\u544a\u5929\u6570<\/td><td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u524d\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u5f00\u59cb\u63d0\u9192<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-I<\/code> \u4e0d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5929\u6570<\/td><td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u540e\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u7981\u7528\u8d26\u6237<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>-E<\/code> \u5230\u671f\u65e5\u671f<\/td><td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u5931\u6548\u65e5\u671f\uff08\u683c\u5f0f YYYY-MM-DD\uff09<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u6709\u6548\u671f\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>chage -l mooloco<\/code><br><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"642\" height=\"148\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-111\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-11.png 642w, https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-11-300x69.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801 90 \u5929\u5fc5\u987b\u66f4\u6362\u4e00\u6b21<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>chage -M 90 mooloco<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u5230\u671f\u524d 7 \u5929\u63d0\u9192\u7528\u6237<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>chage -W 7 mooloco<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d26\u53f7\u5728 2025-12-31 \u5931\u6548<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>chage -E 2025-12-31 mooloco<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E9%99%84%E5%8A%A0\"><\/span>\u9644\u52a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a \u5f53\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u505a\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u52a0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406 1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u968f\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u540c\u540d 2\u3001\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u67090\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4 \u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1aUID\u4ece1000\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cUID\u6700\u5927\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f \u662f\u7531\u4e8e\/etc\/login.defs\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"useradd%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7\"><\/span>useradd\u2014\u2014\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>-u\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684 UID \u53f7\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u8be5 UID \u53f7\u7801\u672a\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-d\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u5f53\u4e0e-M \u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u751f\u6548\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-e\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u5931\u6548\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 YYYY-MM-DD \u7684\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-g\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u540d\uff08\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 GID \u53f7\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-G\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u540d\uff08\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 GID \u53f7\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-M\uff1a\u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\/etc\/login.defs \u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5df2\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-s\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55Shell\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a<br>\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237zcx\uff0cUID\u4e3a1009 \uff0c\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f42029\u5e7410\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\/home\/zcx\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4gtk\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4mooloco\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u767b\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nuseradd -u 1009 -d \/home\/zcx -e 2029-10-09 -g gtk -G mooloco -s \/sbin\/nologin zcx\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce8\uff1agtk\u7ec4\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8bf7\u4e0d\u8981\u52a0<code>-g<\/code>\uff0c\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u6210\u548c\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81\"><\/span>\u66f4\u6539\u5bc6\u7801<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8c03\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\uff0c\u7ed9 zhangsan \u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801 &#8220;123&#8221;,\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\uff0cpasswd \u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 &#8211;stdin \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6279\u91cf\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u521d\u59cb\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npasswd \u7528\u6237\necho &quot;123&quot; | passwd --stdin zhsngsan\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>-d\uff1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5373\u53ef\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-l\uff1a\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-S\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-u\uff1a\u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"usermod%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7\"><\/span>usermod\u2014\u2014\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>-l\uff1a\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u79f0\uff08Login Name\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-L\uff1a\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-U\uff1a\u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>u\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684 UID \u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-d\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-e\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u5931\u6548\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 YYYY-MM-DD \u7684\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-g\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u540d\uff08\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 GID \u53f7\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-G\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u540d\uff08\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 GID \u53f7\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-s\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55 Shell\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u6570\u548c<code>useradd<\/code>\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ef\u7c7b\u6bd4\u8bb0\u5fc6<br><br><strong><code>-a<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u5728\u539f\u6765\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8ffd\u52a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"userdel%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7\"><\/span>userdel\u2014\u2014\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>userdel [-r] \u7528\u6237\u540d <\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6dfb\u52a0 -r \u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8fde\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u5e76\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6\"><\/span>\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8\"><\/span>\u8d26\u53f7\u521d\u59cb\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u540e\uff0cuseradd \u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e9b\u521d\u59cb\u914d\u7f6e\u6587 \u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u8d26\u53f7\u6a21\u677f\u76ee\u5f55\/etc\/skel\/\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 \u5305\u62ec\u201c.bash_logout\u201d\u3001\u201c.bash_profile\u201d\u548c\u201c.bashrc\u201d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<br><br><strong>\u201c.bash_profile\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5728\u8be5 \u7528\u6237\u6bcf\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u88ab\u6267\u884c\uff1b<br>\u201c.bashrc\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u52a0\u8f7d\u201c\/bin\/Bash\u201d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u767b \u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u65f6\u6267\u884c\uff1b<br>\u201c.bash_logout\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6bcf\u6b21\u9000\u51fa\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7a0b \u5e8f\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\/etc \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\/etc\/bashrc \u6587\u4ef6\u3001\/etc\/profile \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e myls \u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nvi \/etc\/bashrc\nalias myls=&#039;\/bin\/ls -lhr&#039;\nsource \/etc\/bashrc\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6-2\"><\/span>\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>.bash_profile\uff1a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e862\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf(JAVA_HOME\u548cCLASSPATH),\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u5df2\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPATH\u7684\u503c.(PATH\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u4ece\u524d\u5f00\u59cb\u67e5\u627e,\u627e\u5230\u5c31\u8fd4\u56de) CLASSPATH\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5728JAVA\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u67e5\u627e\u52a0\u8f7d\u7c7b\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4classpath.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>.bashrc \uff1a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d\uff08\u4f7f\u7528rm\u5220\u9664\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u603b\u662f\u52a0\u4e0a-i\u53c2\u6570\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528ls\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u65f6\u52a0\u4e0a\u989c\u8272\u663e\u793a\uff09\u3002 \u6bcf\u6b21\u4fee\u6539.bashrc\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>source ~\/.bashrc<\/code>\uff08\u6216\u8005 . ~\/.bashrc\uff09\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u523b\u52a0\u8f7d\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u751f\u6548\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u5728.bash_profile\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528.bashrc\u3002\u767b\u9646linux\u542f\u52a8bash\u65f6\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u53bb\u8bfb\u53d6~\/.bash_profile\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837~\/.bashrc\u4e5f\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u6267\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e5f\u5c31\u751f\u6548\u4e86\u3002 \u5173\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u987a\u5e8f:<strong> \u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55 ->> \u52a0\u8f7d~\/.bash_profile &#8211;> bash_profile\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4f7f~\/.bashrc\u751f\u6548<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>.bash_logout \u7528\u9014: \u7528\u6237\u767b\u51fa\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<br>\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u51fa\u65f6\u90fd\u6e05\u9664\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55,\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728<code>\/etc\/skel\/.bash_logout<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u884c<code>rm -f $HOME\/.bash_history<\/code> \u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6bcf\u6b21\u6ce8\u9500\u65f6\uff0c<code>.bash_history<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%BB%84%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86\"><\/span>\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5 Linux \u7528\u6237\u4e09\u79cd\u89d2\u8272 \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff1a root \u62e5\u6709\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u9650 ID=0 \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/?p=110\" class=\"link-btn theme-btn\"><span>Read More <\/span> <i class=\"fa fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=110"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":113,"href":"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110\/revisions\/113"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mooloco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}